Baker Fuel · From loaf to litres.

01 · The Problem

Tonnes · annual UK bread waste

The Great British Bread Waste.

Every year in the UK, around 900,000 tonnes of bread go to waste, with supermarkets clearing unsold stock, bakeries discarding imperfect batches, and households throwing away crusts and stale slices. At the same time, the UK imports roughly 1.4 billion litres of bioethanol each year from the United States to blend into petrol.

That bread is starch. Starch is sugar waiting to happen. And sugar, given the right yeast, becomes ethanol. We've simply connected the dots. It is an overlooked opportunity, and one we are transforming into a smarter and more sustainable solution.

02 · The Process

Six Steps. Beyond Fuel.

From collection to forecourt, our process turns waste carbohydrate into a denatured, anhydrous bioethanol ready for blending at 10% into E10 petrol.

/ 01

Collection

Surplus bread is recovered from supermarkets, bakeries and commercial producers under deconstructed supply agreements.

Input 900kt/yr

/ 02

Hydrolysis

Milled bread is slurried and broken down with alpha-amylase and glucoamylase enzymes. Long-chain starches split into fermentable glucose.

Conversion 94%

/ 03

Fermentation

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast metabolises glucose into ethanol and CO₂ at 35°C under controlled anaerobic conditions.

Yield 0.3 l/kg

/ 04

Distillation

A two-column rectification concentrates the fermented beer to 95% ethanol. Water and volatile congeners are stripped away under controlled reflux.

Purity 95%

/ 05

Dehydration & Denaturing

Molecular sieves selectively adsorb the residual water to deliver anhydrous 99.5% ethanol. A trace denaturant is then injected to render it non-potable for fuel use.

Purity 99.5%

/ 06

Blending

Denatured bioethanol is delivered to terminals meeting BS EN 15376 specification for splash-blending into E10 petrol across forecourts.

Spec BS EN 15376

03 · The Impact

Clean Fuel. Full Circle.

0Million L/yr

Projected Output · UK Scale

Fuel-grade ethanol produced if all recoverable UK bread waste were diverted to our process.

Lifecycle CO₂ Reduction

Versus mineral petrol on a well-to-wheels basis. Stichnothe & Azapagic (2009), peer-reviewed LCA of waste-derived bioethanol.

0kt

Diverted From Landfill

Annual UK bread waste tonnage that would otherwise decompose into methane or fill incinerators.

0kt

Bread Waste Re-used

Roughly 65,000 tonnes of surplus bread diverted from landfill in our initial commercial plant.

~0£/L

Projected Cost Advantage

Target production cost below UK first-generation bioethanol benchmarks on waste feedstock.

Carbon Intensity Saving

Waste feedstock bioethanol carries significantly lower carbon intensity than fossil-derived fuels.

04 · The Science

Engineered for Purity.

Bread is an optimised feedstock that the baking industry has long since perfected. Low moisture, high starch density, consistent composition. It outperforms the wet, lignocellulosic waste streams most bioethanol plants wrestle with.

Our process uses continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), reducing energy demand and capital footprint. Based on BS EN 15376, ethanol used as a blending component must have a minimum ethanol content of 98.7% (m/m) before denaturation. Our process targets 99.5%.

Feedstock Bread Waste Collection

Process Continuous SSF

Yield 0.3 L ethanol / kg bread

Purity 99.5% anhydrous

Specification BS EN 15376 compliant

Co-products Dry distillers grain

05 · The Roadmap

Built in phases.

2026 · Q2

Pilot

Bench-scale fermentation proves yield and purity on bread feedstock. Partnerships signed with three regional bakeries.

2027 · Q3

Demonstrator

20 million litre-per-year demonstrator plant commissioned, with BS EN 15376 certification successfully achieved.

2029–2031

Scale

Commercial-scale facility targeting +100 million litres per annum. Offtake agreements with major UK fuel terminal operators. Facility construction and commissioning typically takes 2–3 years at this scale.

2033+

Network

Regional plants. National coverage. The UK's bread waste becomes a structural input into the domestic fuel market.

06 · The Founders

Built by Two.

A commercial strategist and an engineer, both educated at the University of Manchester, approaching a shared challenge from different angles, uniting the economics of waste and advanced bioconversion engineering.

01 / 02

Co-Founder & CEO

Tazwar Bin Saleh

MSc Finance, Manchester · BSc Economics, IUB

Tazwar is a commercial strategist and financial modeller with deep expertise in UK energy policy, biofuel regulation, and sustainable finance. At Baker Fuel, he leads the commercial development of the business, including offtake structuring, investor relations, RTFO compliance, and growth strategy. He holds an MSc in Finance from the University of Manchester and a BSc in Economics from IUB.

Focus areas

Commercial strategy Financial modelling Energy policy Investor relations RTFO compliance Growth strategy

Portfolio LinkedIn

02 / 02

Founder & CTO

Ali Khodadadi

PhD Researcher, Manchester · Aerospace Engineering

Ali is a PhD researcher in Aerospace Engineering at the University of Manchester, specialising in composite materials, aircraft design, and advanced simulations. At Baker Fuel, he contributes to the development of ethanol through extensive research, including process simulation, plant capacity design and economics, CO₂ life cycle assessment, and process optimisation. He holds a BSc in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Manchester.